Why AMD's processors known to create more heat than Intel's (and why AMD cheaper than Intel) ?

Original post by Caesar Akhmad Akbar - Thursday, 24 December 2009 at 08:16

AMD and Intel Logo

Please keep it in mind that this note is my personal conclusion from a simple and unofficial online research I've done. This note is not the correct and validated source of info. I'm not attached to either AMD or Intel in any way. Thanks.

All source from :

AMD K6 Series


• AMD K6


• AMD K6-2


• AMD K6 Series


• AMD K6 Series FAQ

Intel Pentium Series


• Intel Pentium II


• Intel Pentium III


• Intel Pentium Series

A little bit of a background story :

In the early 1980s, AMD provided the 8088 and 286 class processors as an Intel licensed alternative source. When the 386 class processors came out, Intel decided to break off its agreement with AMD and the two companies starts one of the biggest rivalry in the history of technology business. AMD eventually produced 386 and 486 class microprocessors that were derived from Intel's designs through reverse engineering.

Starting with the Pentium generation, AMD shifted its design strategy. AMD began creating its own original processor design for the K5. The K5 runs the same software as Intel's Pentium and plugs into the same socket, but internally the design is entirely different from Intel's.

Because it was AMD's first experience with an independent x86 design, it made AMD longer than planned to get the K5 into production. AMD underestimated the difficulty of creating an independent design and made some bad design choices. As a result, the K5 was late to market. When it did arrive, it was slower than expected. After a major revision, AMD was able to boost the chip's performance considerably. But Intel's mainstream chips got much faster in the meantime.

Since the competition between AMD and Intel still largely dominated by Intel, AMD had to take a few strategic decisions. Two of them are the decision to purchase a microprocessor company named NexGen, and to build a new processor manufacturing facilities named Fab 25 in 1996. Little did people know, although the name K6 seems like a continuity from K5 series processor, design-wise its very much different. K6 manufacturing process is the first experience of AMD in producing processor at 350nm/0.35µm production process.

The new facilities is dedicated to producing x86 microprocessors and controlled by team from NexGen. AMD needs to keep this facilities output full to justify its investment, and this leads to aggressive pricing of the K6. Furthermore, since AMD is highly motivated to gain market share, it is willing to accept a much smaller profit margin than Intel. AMD has vowed to keep their prices 25% below Intel’s. So far, they have kept that promise. So far, AMD managed to kept their promise.

Quick Facts

[ AMD K6 VCore comparison with Intel Pentium II ]

AMD K6 (released 1997)

Series :

• AMD K6 (model 6) = VCore 2.9V/3.2V/3.3V


• AMD K6 "Little Foot" (Model 7) = VCore 2.2 V

Intel Pentium II (released 1997)

Series :

• Intel Pentium II (Klamath) = VCore 2.8V


• Intel Pentium II (Deschutes) = VCore 2.0V


• Intel Pentium II Mobile (Tonga) = VCore 1.6V


• Intel Pentium II Mobile (Dixon) = VCore 1.5V/1.55V/1.6V/2.0V

----------------------------------------------------
[ AMD K6-2 VCore comparison with Intel Pentium III ]

AMD K6-2 (released 1998)

Series :

• AMD K6-2 (Chomper) = VCore 2.2V


• K6-2 (Chomper Extended) = VCore 2.0V/2.2V/2.3V/2.4V


• K6-2+ (Mobile) = VCore 2.0V


• AMD K6-III (Sharptooth) = VCore 2.2V/2.4V


• AMD K6-IIIP = VCore 2.0V/2.2V


• AMD K6-III+ = VCore 1.6V/1.8V/2.0V

Intel Pentium III (released 1999)

Series :

• Intel Pentium III (Katmai) = VCore 2.0V/2.05V


• Intel Pentium III (Coppermine) = VCore 1.6V/1.65V/1.7V/1.76V


• Intel Pentium III (Coppermine-T) = VCore 1.75V


• Intel Pentium III (Tualatin) = VCore 1.4V/1.475V

For my analysis, I chose AMD K6 (model 6) and Intel Pentium II (Klamath) as the samples of all AMD K6 and Intel Pentium II series processor

• AMD K6 (model 6) Specification :

> Total Transistors : 8.8 million
> Production Process : 350 nm/0.35µm
> L1-Cache : 32 + 32 KB (Data + Instructions)
> Instructions Set : MMX
> FSB : 66 MHz
> VCore : 2.9 V (for 166/200MHz clockspeed variant) 3.2/3.3 V (for 233MHz clockspeed variant)
> Clockspeed Variants : 166, 200, 233 MHz
> Die Size : 162mm²

• Intel Pentium II (Klamath) Specification :

> Total Transistors : 7.5 million
> Production Process : 350 nm/0.35µm
> L1-Cache : 16 + 16 KB (Data + Instructions)
> L2-Cache : 512KB (with 512MB cacheable)
> Instructions Set : MMX
> FSB : 66 MHz
> VCore : 2.8 V (for all clockspeed variant)
> Clockspeed Variants : 233, 266, 300 MHz
> Die Size : 203mm²

My Analysis

When I compare those two samples processors, I noticed a few significant facts that I listed below :

• Both processors had gone through the same production process (350 nm/0.35µm)


• AMD is less experienced with 350 nm/0.35µm production process


• Intel is more experienced with 350 nm/0.35µm production process


• Both processors had the same FSB speed (66MHz)


• AMD's processors die size is smaller (162mm²) than Intel's (203mm²)


• AMD's processors had more transistors (8.8 million) than Intel's (7.5 million)


• AMD implemented different VCore for each of its processors' clockspeed variants


• Intel implemented the same VCore for all of its processors' clockspeed variants


• There is a possibility that both AMD and Intel has different quality of materials


• Both AMD and Intel had different internal design (although at some point they might be similar to each other

My Conclusion:

It is no doubt that AMD and Intel would have different internal design of their processors variant. The lack of experienced might also contribute to the final result of the processors that AMD produced. Since the obvious fact that AMD is really eager to "beaten" Intel's domination in the processor's market, AMD seems to be to rushed their processors' designs line up into production, thus affected the quality of their processors.

Technically speaking, AMD designed their processor in 162mm² die size, which is considerably smaller than Intel's (which is 203mm²). Despite its smaller die size, AMD had put more transistors into their processors (8.8 million) while Intel only has 7.5 million transistors. It is possible that the reason why AMD K6 processors producing more heat is because of the higher voltage. AMD K6 processors need higher voltage because it has more transistors than Intel Pentium II processors. Another possible reason is that AMD K6 processors has lesser "free space" compared to Intel. Because of that, the heat produced by AMD processors while operating is likely to be more concentrated than Intel's processors. If I'm not mistaken, I've read somewhere that AMD processors usually has lower Thermal Design Power (TDP) than Intel's processors.

As for the matter why AMD processors are known to be cheaper than Intel, you can easily interprets the answer by reading the background story at the beginning of this note.

If you had different opinions or wanted to state my mistakes, please do so.
Thanks for reading!

Rewrite the Old Post

I don't have a new post for several time, but I had to rewrite one of my old post.
Check this out... Komputer Game 5 Juta Rupiah. Dec 14, 2009.

$ 600 Gaming Computer

Maybe this computer is not suitable for enthusiastic gamers. But this computer is more than enough to play the latest nextgen game without any lag. PCOptimizzer - Oct 28, 2009.

I made the new one of cheap gaming computer spesification based on Intel processor. Here are the details based on bhinneka.com on Oct 28, 2009.

Product	Spesification	Picture	Price
Processor	INTEL Core 2 Duo E7300 2.66 GHz, FSB 1066 MHz, 3MB Cache, Dual-Core, Socket LGA775		$ 113
Motherboard	ASROCK 945G-DVI Socket LGA775, Intel 945G, FSB 1066, PCI-e x16, VGA, SATAII 300, GbE NIC, USB 2.0, Audio, DDR2 667, Dual Channel, Intel Core 2 Duo & Conroe Support		$ 50
Hard Disk	SEAGATE Baracuda 500GB, 7200 RPM, SATA II 300, 16MB Cache		$ 57
Memory	OCZ OCZ26671024V 1GB DDR2 PC2-5400, 667MHz, Value Series		$ 17
Optical Drive	LG GH22 Internal DVD Recordable, Black (Changeable Bezel), Dual Layer, LightScribe, SecurDisc Feature, DVD+R Write 22x, DVD-R Write 22x, DVD-R DL 12x, DVD-RAM 12x, DVD-RW 6x, CD-R 48x, CD-RW 32x		$ 29
PC Case	COOLER MASTER Elite 310 Middle Tower, 4 x 5.25", 6 x 3.5", Front USB 2.0, Audio, FireWire		$ 49
Power Supply	THERMALTAKE LitePower 400WATX 400 watt 2.0 12V, Fan 12cm, RSI, PCI-E 1, SATA 1, W0162RE		$ 44
Graphic Card	BIOSTAR GeForce GTS 250 NVidia GeForce GTS 250, 512MB DDR3, 256-bit, DVI, HDCP, HDMI, HDTV, PCI-e x16 2.0		$ 130
Monitor	PHILIPS 160E1SB 15.6", 1366 x 768, 0.252 mm, 8ms, 500:1, 250 cd/m², D-Sub, Widescreen		$ 112

*not including keyboard, mouse and speakers.
Estimate total price : $ 601

Microsoft Gets Set to Spin Windows 7

Jacqueline Emigh, PC World
Oct 17, 2009 3:19 am

With the countdown now on for the official shipment of Windows 7 next Thursday, Microsoft and friends have been cranking up the proverbial hype machine, but not without a few clinks and clanks along the way.

The potpourri of planned promo activities includes launch parties far and wide on the Oct. 22 ship date and afterward; the release of new Window 7 PCs, including Nokia's new netbook on the same date; Microsoft’s sponsorship of a “Family Guy” extravaganza to be aired on Fox TV on Nov. 8; and an apparently related 12-week college tour with Fox.

In case you haven’t heard about it yet, the main fest is set for Oct. 22 in New York City. So far, Microsoft’s been somewhat secretive about specifics, listing only the time, location, and anticipated appearance of CEO Steve Ballmer on the coveted invitations.

But if you can’t make it to the New York event, don’t worry. There are alternatives. Microsoft pals – outfitted by the company with Windows 7 “party packs” – will be hosting their own launch parties at sites around the world on Oct. 22 and afterward, complete with drawings and giveaways.

By and large, Windows 7 is getting much better reviews than Vista, its ill-fated predecessor. Already, though, a few flies are showing up in the Win7 promotional ointment. Some of those who’ve previewed the "Family Guy" show aren’t exactly impressed, to put it mildly.

Meanwhile, some of those tapped by Microsoft to host their own launch parties have been attempting to auction off their “party packs” on eBay. Times must be tough, indeed.

According to CNET, Microsoft has teamed up with eBay to squelch the auctions. Meanwhile, Web site Neowin reports that at least one lucky guy has managed to get Microsoft’s permission to sell off the promo party packs to the highest bidder.

source: PCWorld

Opera 10

PCOPtimizzer - September 6, 2009

The latest version of Opera browser is Opera 10. The new feature of this version is Opera Turbo that speeds up browsing on limp internet connection. Opera Turbo also reducing the use of bandwidth by compressing web pages. The result is speeds up browsing on dial-up and other limp and sluggish connections.

Thumbnails of the page can be displayed on the tab when the cursor highlighted to the tab. So we can see the webpage without clicking the tab. Quick access to site is remains by using speed-dials feature. As usual, one of the most notable things about Opera is its sheer volume of features-it incorporates an e-mail app and a BitTorrent client, as well as its own widget engine. For the display, Opera 10 have been using the new minimalist design. Click here for downloading and more information about Opera 10.

Hides Computers on the Network

PCOptimizzer - august 24, 2009.

Computer was connected to the network can be displayed on another computers by using "view workgroup computers". Through this path, the shared documents can be accessed by another computers. For security reasons, the computer can be hidden from workgroup computers so can't be accessed from another computers. Here are the steps to set the computer to be hidden from the network:

1. open command prompt by using run tools, type cmd in run window.
2. type command NET CONFIG SERVER /HIDDEN:YES and press Enter
   
3. after appears a message like the following picture, then the computer will not be displayed on another computer.

Copy and Paste Files to CD

In order to burn CD you do not only have to use third party software such as Nero, PowerDVD Copy, etc., but also you can use Windows CD Writing Wizzard for your purpose in burning data to the blank CD. pcoptimizzer - august 15, 2009.

If you don't have the software to write data cd, windows have provided a tool by default. Here are the steps to burn data by using Windows CD Writing Wizard:

1. Insert the blank CD into drive optic.
2. Copy files or folder to blank CD, or you can also drag the files to CD directory (see the picture below).

3. Select "write these files to CD" option, as you can see in the image below

4. After the wizard shown, type the CD name and click next to start burning process.

5. The burning process will be displayed as the image below

Show Hidden Files by Using Command Prompt

Perhaps most of people ever have problems with hidden files because of computer viruses. The files can't be seen even has tried to show with "Hidden Files & Folder" option in "Folder Option" .It's all because of the files was made super hidden by viruses. To manage the files unhide, we can use Disk Heal software. If you don't have the software or maybe you don't have a access to internet connection to download the software, you can use "Command Prompt".

First, you must open command prompt by using run tools. Press start button> Run. And than type"cmd". Press enter or ok

In command prompt, set the files directory. Example: file Document in flashdisk with directory I, you must type " I " and " : ", enter. As you can see in the image below

After that, you must type " ATTRIB –s –h –r /s /d ", and press enter. You can see in the image below.

Now you can close command prompt tools by clik x button. All Files in the directory has been set to unhide.

Asus N90SV-A2

Asus N90SV-A2 Review Jul 15, 2009 by Jason Cross, PC World

The N90SV-A2 has a lot of surface appeal, but a closer look reveals a number of cut corners

The Asus N90SV-A2 desktop replacement laptop is roughly the size of two 15-inch notebooks turned vertically and placed side by side. Movies and games look great on the large (18.4-inch diagonal), bright, full-HD-resolution (1920 by 1080) screen. (Asus recently released a more game-focused laptop of similar size, the Asus W90VP.)

Some of the bulk results from dubious design choices. For instance, the bezel on the sides of the screen is an inch thick, and a lot of unused space surrounds the keyboard.

"Instant keys" to the left of the keyboard provide one-click control over such functions as launching the laptop's ExpressGate software, cycling between display profiles, locking the touchpad, and cycling between energy profiles. But the keys are rather small in comparison to the space they occupy, owing to the large volume wheel situated directly beneath them. The instant keys glow with a bright blue backlighting that seems impossible to turn off and can be quite distracting during movie viewing, unless you plan ahead and have a washcloth handy.

The N90SV-A2 is comfortable to work on. The full-size keyboard has plenty of key travel and a nice clicky feel. Asus even includes a nearly full-size number pad, plus the extrawide Backspace, Enter, Shift, and Ctrl keys everyone loves, and even dedicated arrow keys. The trackpad, on the other hand, seemed to have trouble detecting movement at times, even with its sensitivity cranked up. The single chrome bar button offers no clear distinction between left- and right-click, leading to occasional misclicks.

Asus supplies a multicard slot on the left (near the Blu-ray drive), and on the right an express card slot, two headphone jacks, a mic jack, and two USB ports. On the back, you get two more USB ports, HDMI, VGA, power, and gigabit ethernet; 802.11n Wi-Fi is integrated. The Altec Lansing speakers are located on the upward-sloping front edge of the laptop, so they point down at an angle to your table. Though they sound better than the speakers on most smaller notebooks, speakers on other large desktop replacement models (like the Sony VAIO VGN-AW230J/H) are better still.

In the configuration we tested, priced at roughly $1800 (as of July 15, 2009), the N90SV-A2 packs a 2.66GHz Intel T9550 Core 2 Duo CPU, 4GB of DDR2-800 RAM, a Blu-ray drive, a GeForce GT 130M graphics chip set with 1GB of RAM (essentially the same thing as the GeForce 9600M GT), and 1TB of storage distributed across two 500GB drives (which were curiously split into four 250GB partitions). Though the specs look pretty good for the price, the graphics seemed a little underpowered for a large, heavy entertainment notebook. At its native resolution of 1920 by 1080, I had to disable antialiasing to run Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare at a good clip, for example, and I had to turn down some texture settings in Fallout 3.

Perhaps because of its slower SIS chip set and its 800MHz (as opposed to 1066MHz) RAM, The N90SV-A2 scored an 86 in WorldBench, one of the lowest scores among recent desktop replacement laptops. Gaming performance was good at low resolutions, but Enemy Territory: Quake Wars ran at only 37 frames per second at 1680 by 1050 resolution, and Unreal Tournament III at only 39 fps. The aforementioned Asus W90VP turned in frame rates of 88 fps and 61 fps, respectively, on the same two games. The N90SV-A2 lasted for just over 2 hours in our battery test, but that time shortens if you play demanding games or watch Blu-ray movies.

Speaking of Blu-ray discs, our test system played them wonderfully. Nevertheless, the laptop's screen quality was average: Blacks weren't as dark as we'd like, yielding mediocre contrast; and (as often happens on laptop screens of this size) brightness wasn't uniform--the bottom of the screen always looked more washed out than the top.

The N90SV-A2 has an appealing price, but I'd rather have a faster chip set, faster RAM, and a faster GPU than so much hard drive space. The screen is impressively large, but not great in color or contrast. And the overall notebook design is uninspired, with a fair amount of wasted space and an iffy touchpad.

Source: www.pcworld.com

Addicted to the Sims 3

This post is not about tips, news, or review about the new Sims series. This is only about why I don't update my blog for long time.

I was planning to post new writings to my blog, but I didn't make it because I play the sims 3 for long time. after days, I was able to post something on my blog. But sorry if this post is useless because I don't write something useful such as tips, troubleshooting or something. I just want to say, the sims 3 is the best game to kill your time because of it's addictive. I recommend this game if you have a lot of spare time or in holidays.

Play The Sims 3 and become addicted like me.

FORSA Carnaval FS 1637

FORSA Carnaval FS 1637 maybe is not quite enough as a desktop replacement, but the performance is still great for multimedia

FORSA Carnaval FS 1637 laptop is a middle-class performance. Design is quite simple and classic with a full size qwerty keyboard such as Desktop’s. Dimensions for length, width and high are 35.8 cm x 26 cm x 3.8 cm with total of weight is 2.6 Kg including battery. Screen size used was 15.4 " with resolution 1280 x 800 px. Ports and connectors are complete enough, but without the HDMI port the laptop can’t be used for high definition multimedia, even if the graphic card is support high definition content. Here the FS 1637's layout:

• Front: Card Reader, Audio line in/ out

• Rear: Exhaust, Kensington Lock

• Left: Kensington Lock, LAN port, Modem port, 2x USB port, DVD Drive

• Right: Express Card Slot, IEEE 1394, 2xUSB port, TV-Out port, VGA port, DC-in

The specification used by FS 1637, processor is Intel Core2Duo T7100 wich running at 1.8 GHz, Chipset Intel Crestline-PM PM965 + ICH8M. Memmory type is DDR2 PC6400 with 1GB of capacity. Hard Drive capacity is 160 GB. For graphics, trust in the Video Graphic discrete GeForce 8400M G 512MB. Strong enough to play 3D games with high settings on the old game and low setting to medium on some of the latest next generation 3D games. For connectivity, use Intel PRO / Wireless 3945ABG Realtek RTL8168/8111.

FS 1637 using 1.3 mega pixels webcam, DVDRW slimtype and quick launch buttons for email, internet, WiFi, and webcam.

In general, the performance of FS 1637 is very satisfactory, even equivalent to middle-class desktop computer. For the 3D capabilities, the light application to moderate is still good handled by GeForce 8400 VGA. The battery endurance at full load can reach up to 120 minutes. For the price, FORSA 1637 laptop is cheaper than other equivalent laptop.

 

This is a complete spesification of FORSA Carnaval FS 1637.

-- D. Ferdian

Windows 7: Five Unique Features

Is Windows 7 necessary? Yes, because some of its improved features simply aren't available for Vista or XP. Here are five reasons you'll eventually want to step up to Windows 7.
Rick Broida, PC World

PCWorld - June 22, 2009

Other parts of this story package are dedicated to explaining how to replicate Windows 7 features on a Vista or XP machine--and we offer so many suggestions that you may be starting to think that perhaps there's no compelling reason to upgrade to Windows 7 after all. If so, you should think again. Though Vista and XP users can enjoy some of the new operating system's goodies, either directly or by proxy, various highly desirable features are available only in the genuine article. Here are five that will require you to roll a 7.

Device Stage: Whereas Vista barely seems to recognize the presence of cameras, phones, printers, and other external devices, Windows 7's Device Stage treats them like royalty. The operating system devotes a slick-looking status window to each device, so you can browse files, manage media, and perform other device-specific tasks.

HomeGroup: At long last, Microsoft promises to take the pain and frustration out of home networking for users of its operating system. Set up a HomeGroup, and then add PCs and other devices--and without further ado you can share files, printers, and the like. Why did it take seven versions of Windows to get this right?

Jump Lists: Like souped-up Recent Documents menus, Jump Lists provide quick access to application-specific documents and/or tasks. For example, you can right-click the Internet Explorer taskbar icon and choose from a list of frequently visited Web sites or from a list of available tasks (such as New Tab and InPrivate). Once you get started using Jump Lists, you'll wonder how you ever got along without them.

Libraries: Most of us have documents, music, pictures, and video scattered across multiple folders on our PCs. Libraries are special folders in Windows 7 that catalog these items under a single roof, regardless of where you actually store them on your hard drive. And best of all, Libraries are easy to share within your HomeGroup.

One-click Wi-Fi: Unlike Windows Vista, Windows 7 makes choosing a wireless network to connect to simple and convenient: Click the system-tray icon, and choose from the resulting list of available hotspots. Granted, you can find third-party connection managers for Vista, but nothing this streamlined and unobtrusive.

Info: www.pcworld.com

Set the Directory to Install the Software

This article was published in indonesian

When installing a software, windows will set the directory C: \ Program Files as default directory of the software. This directory usually can be changed when doing the installation process by choosing a new directory in the Browse directory option. Making it a bit if every time we want to install the software we need to determine the directory of the software.

Actualy, we can set the place of default directory. This is the steps to change directory who set by windows as default into wich we set

• Open the registry editor click run on the start button or press the button on the keyboard windows and R simultaneously. type regedit and press ENTER.
• Go to HKEY_LOKAL_MACHINE \ Software \ Microsoft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion.
• Search value ProgramFilesDir and change its content according to the directory that we want. example is D: \ Software Gue.
• Close the registry editor and restart the computer. The new instaled software would be set into directory that you have set yourself.
  

Increase Internet Connection Speed of Dialup, DSL and Broadband

This article was published in indonesian

Specific to the type of internet connection dialup, DSL and Broadband, the internet bandwith can be force by a little with a ping method so that the Internet connection speed can be increased.

Here are the steps to perform the ping method

• open "command promt.exe", type "ipconfig / all"

• You can see "Windows IP Configuration"
  

• Open tool "Run" and type "ping (space) address of DNS Servers (space)-t, press" ENTER "

next, let the computer continue to ping while browsing the Internet

Re-Publish: Increasing Performance of NVidia Graphics on Notebook

This article was published in indonesian

Notebook has a lower performance than the desktop even with the same specifications between the two. Performance difference is also not excluded in the Graphic Processing Unit (GPU). For example, GeForce 8600m GT on a laptop with equivalent capabilities GeForce 8500 GT. In addition, the stability of the graphics work on the laptop is also less than satisfactory. Often occur in a significant decrease in fps while playing the game. Of course this is influenced by the quality of graphics in the game and the detail object. To reduce the problem a little, at least slightly improve the performance of the GPU, it can be fixed with a driver update the GPU to a newer version.

For example this is used with a laptop GPU NVidia GeForce 8400M G. Of the results to update a driver GPU, seen that the performance of GeForce 8400M G increased by 10.72% without overclocking. The results obtained from the driver with the default GPU driver version 182.50 (GeForce 8 desktop version)

forceware v.179.48 (notebook version)


forceware v.182.50 (desktop version)


Here's how to install the driver desktop's version to the laptop:

1. Open System Properties> Hardware> Device Manager> Display Adapter> NVIDIA GeForce> Driver> Update Driver.
2. In the Hardware Update Wizard, remove the check on the option Show compatible hardware. Select the type of GPU and click Have Disk.